In recent times, the world has been alerted to a new health threat that mirrors past epidemics but carries its unique challenges. A severe and highly contagious strain of pox, formerly known as monkeypox, has initiated a troubling spread across continents, reigniting concerns among global health officials. Originating from a significant outbreak in central Africa, this virus has not yet reached the United States, but its potential arrival prompts preparatory actions from health authorities.
Understanding Mpox
Mpox belongs to the orthopoxvirus family, the same group that includes smallpox. Unlike smallpox, however, mpox has not been eradicated and continues to pose a sporadic threat globally. The virus was first identified in 1958 in monkeys kept for research, giving it its original name. In recent years, to avoid the stigma associated with the name, it has been renamed to ‘mpox.’ It’s important to note that despite its initial discovery in monkeys, the primary risk of transmission is not from these animals.
The disease can be spread from animals to humans and, more concerningly, from human to human. Physical contact with the infected, including through body fluids or contaminated materials, can facilitate the spread. As of 2016, cases of human-to-human transmissions have seen a noticeable increase.
Global Concerns Amidst Outbreaks
The World Health Organization (WHO) recently declared mpox a global health emergency following a surge in cases in the Dominican Republic and several African countries. In 2024 alone, central and eastern Africa have reported over 17,000 infections, with more than 500 fatalities, predominantly in Congo. These numbers show a stark increase from previous years, underscoring the virus’s escalating threat.
Internationally, the response has been swift but strained. The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention has been overwhelmed, necessitating a call for international medical assistance. About 10 million vaccine doses are urgently needed in the affected regions, highlighting a desperate need for support from wealthier nations and pharmaceutical companies.
